Improvement in spools and bobbins



0. B.,WAIT. Spool and Bobbin.

No. 217,655. Patented July I5, 1879.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIca.

OSCAR n. WAIT, or RocKPoB MAssAcHUsnTTs.

IMPROVEMENT IN SPOOLS AND BOBBINS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 217,655, dated July 15,1879; application filed March 9, 1878.

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that I, OSCAR E. WAIT, of Rockport, in the county of Essexand State of 7 Massachusetts, have invented certain new and thesevarious spools and bobbins with a coat.

of varnish.

The object of my invention is to protect and strengthen wooden spoolsand bobbins at various points, either outside or inside, or both, with astrong and elastic covering having a permanently smooth, glossy, andhard surface.

The class of spools and bobbins designed to be thus protected is thatused in the manufacture of textile fabrics.

My invention consists of coating and protcctin g wooden spools andbobbins by covering the parts requiring special protection with,

a thick coat composed of mixed glue and glycerine or equivalentsoftening material when i in a plastic or semi-plastic state, andhardening the same thereon. I also cover the coat of softened glue witha finishing coat of unsoftened glue, to give a smooth, hard, and glossysurface. I also consider the wooden spool or bobbin which is the productof the.

herein-described process as my invention.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are sectional-views ofspool-heads with a coating applied to their edges in accordance with myinvention. The spool-head in Fig. 2 is made of two pieces of wood gluedtogether. Fig. 3 is an end view of aLspeeder-bobbin coated in accordancewith my invention. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of the same; andFig. 5 is a longitudinal section of another style of bobbin whichembodies my invention.

Bobbin-heads of the style represented in Fig.

2 are sometimes so thin as to easily split when made of one piece, andconsequently they are made of two or more pieces glued together, with Ythe grain crossing each other. These pieces will shrink and swellunevenly, leavinga rough edge, and oftentimes they will split orsplinter, thereby causing much loss of yarn by its snarlin g andbreaking. A proper protection for the edges of these heads, or for theperiphery of any spool head or barrel, should possess a strong tendencyto contract under the influences of a dry atmosphere, and, at the sametime-it should be somewhat elastic, so that, whether the wood shrinks orswells, the covering will always be snugly bound thereonthat is-to say,the protecting-coat must shrink sufficiently to follow up all shrinkageof the wood, and at the same time it must be elastic enough to expandwith the wood when it expands. v

No protective substance is practicable which does not adhere firmly tothe wood, possess a strong contracting or shrinking power, havesufficient strength to hold the wood from splintering or splitting, haveelasticity enough to prevent small indentations or bruises in thecoating from becomin g permanent, and possess durability and hardness ofsurface, so as to be permanently smooth and resist chafing wear.

The coating hereinafter described possesses all of the above-namedcharacteristics, and I know of no substances except glue or gelatine andrawhide which have the requisite shrinking and wearing properties. 7

If the spools or bobbins are to be used only with dry yarn or threadI'use a cement composed of common glue toughened and softened by theaddition of glycerine, molasses, or any other non-drying substance forwhich it has an affinity, being aware, of course, that glyceriue andmolasses have been mixed with glue in the manufacture of inking-rollersand other 7 articles.

In. case the spools or bobbins are to be subjected to moisture when inuse, then I either render the mixture water-proof by'the addition oflinseed-oil, shellac, or any similar substance; or I cover the coatingafter it is applied and hardened with some water-proof varnish orcement.

Iconsider that the best way to prepare and apply the coating is to takestrong glue and dissolve in water, add glycerine or molasses in aboutthe proportion of two or three parts, by weight, of the softeningmaterial to six parts of dry glue, then cook the mixture till the wateris entirely expelled.

The proportions of the mixture may, however, be varied, according to thequality of the glue or the nature of the work to which the cement is tobe applied but in all cases the cement must be sufficiently hard to behandled when cold. I then put on a thick coat of the above-describedcompound, when hot, to the parts requiring special protection by the aidof a brush or other means, the consistency of the compound being stiffenough so thatit will not run after being applied-that is, it is appliedwhen ina plastic or semi-plastic state.

A designates the coating, and B the spools or bobbins. The spool withthe coat thus applied is laid away for the compound to cool and harden,after which another and a thinner coat is applied, consisting of commonglue prepared in the ordinary way without the softening ma terial. Thissecond coat of common glue gives a hard surface without anysticky-property when dry, while the softer main coat gives the desiredelasticity.

When the second coat is dry and hard the spool or bobbin is placed in alathe and finished by turning or sandpapering, or both.

A light coat of shellac varnish over the whole makes a neat finish.

This compound of glue and molasses, or its equivalent, difi'ers fromthat described for the coating of spools and bobbins in my former Ipatent in the omission of the" fibrous material and addition to the glueof the glycerine or molasses. In that case the fibrous material wasrelied on to give bulk or body to the coating; but in this applicationthe coat of cement alone must be applied thick enough, when covering theedge of a head or sides of a barrel, to form a seamless band around thesame, which band must have body enough to form an elastic cushion, andalso to stick together and draw around the part covered, so as topracticallyrenderithide-bound. Alight coat so thin as to barely coverthe wood is not sufficient to produce the desired result.

In some kinds of bobbius-as, for instance, those shownin Figs. 3, 4, and5-it is preferable to dip the part to be protectedin the mixture for themain coat, and when it has hardened dip it again in plain glue to giveit the hard surface. It is also desirable to apply a coat of glue-sizingto the part or parts of the spool or bobbin designed to be coatedprevious to applying the main coat, as in some cases a more perfectunion of the compound and wood may be effected.

In the bobbin shown in Figs. 3 and 4 the eoatin g might be pressed uponthe wood in a suitable mold after dipping, thereby bringing out thecorners square and plump,'and giving the parts the desired shape, whichcoating may cover the outside, inside, and bottom, which will save thecorners and slots,

.employed.

and also somewhat lessen the concussion,

thereby saving the whole bobbin.

The bobbin or quill shown in Fig. 5 has a tapering end, which fits intoa correspondingly-shaped hole in a revolving cup. The coating A not onlystrengthens the end of the quill, but will enable it to fit more snuglythe hole in the cup, especially if finished by pressure in a mold, soasto give them all a uniform taper. 'The coating may be applied to thetaper only, or the end may be covered both outsideand inside, as far asthetaper extends, by dipping the same in the mixture.

The coating herein described has all the requisites of elasticity and apermanent smooth and hard surface. It can be applied in many placeswhere it is inconvenient or impracticable to apply any other knownprotection,

while it is cheaper, both in cost of material and its application, thananything heretofore The compound or mixture when hardened can be turnedand sandpapered very smooth in a lathe, thesame as horn or In case thecoating other similar substance. or any part of it ever becomes injuredit can be easily repaired or recoated at a very trifling expense.

I claim as my inventiona 1. The process herein described of coating andprotectingwooden spools and bobbins, which consists in covering theparts requiring special protection with a thick coat composed of mixedglue and glycerine or its equivalent when in a plastic state, andhardening the same thereon, substantially as described, and for thepurpose specified.

2. The process herein described of coating and protecting wooden spoolsand bobbins, which consists in covering .the parts desiring specialprotection with a thick coat of mixed glue and glycerine or equivalentsoftening material state, hardening the same, and then afterwardcovering it with a coat of glue without the softening material,substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

3. A wooden spool or bobbincoated in' whole or in part with a thick coatof mixed glue and glycerine or equivalent softening material, whichcompound forms an elastic cushion which is hide-bound on the wood,substantially as described, and for the purpose specified.

4. A wooden spool or bobbin coated in whole or in part with a thick coatof mixed glue and glycerine or equivalent softenin material, whichcompound forms an elactic cush ion hide-bound on the wood, and havingsaid elastic coat covered with unsoftened glue, which forms a hard,smooth, and glossy surface, substantially as described, and for thepurpose specified. a

OSCAR E. WAIT.

Witnesses: l A

J os. MANNING,

REUBEN BRooKs.

when in a plastic or semi-plastic

